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Research paper

Etiology is the key determinant of neuroinflammation in epilepsy — Elevation of CSF cytokines/chemokines in FIRES and febrile status epilepticus

Th1-associated cytokines/chemokines (TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), IL-6, CCL2, CCL19 elevated in CSF in FIRES/FRD; milder in febrile status; minimal elevation in chronic epilepsy. CSF cytokine profile is etiology-dependent, not a generic seizure response.

Indexed context

Kothur K, et al.

firescsf-cytokinespediatric-epilepsyneuroinflammation

Markdown path

content/research/papers/2019-kothur-fires-csf-cytokines.md

Findings

Th1-associated cytokines/chemokines (TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), IL-6, CCL2, CCL19 elevated in CSF in FIRES/FRD; milder in febrile status; minimal elevation in chronic epilepsy. CSF cytokine profile is etiology-dependent, not a generic seizure response.

Why it may matter for Levi

Makes the case that CSF cytokine profiling can meaningfully discriminate inflammatory from non-inflammatory seizure encephalopathies in pediatric patients. Directly supports adding CSF cytokines to any repeat LP.

Paper text

Etiology is the key determinant of neuroinflammation in epilepsy — Elevation of CSF cytokines/chemokines in FIRES and febrile status epilepticus

Kothur K, et al. — Epilepsia (2019). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283843/

Findings summary

Th1-associated cytokines/chemokines (TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), IL-6, CCL2, CCL19 elevated in CSF in FIRES/FRD; milder in febrile status; minimal elevation in chronic epilepsy. CSF cytokine profile is etiology-dependent, not a generic seizure response.

Relevance to Levi

Makes the case that CSF cytokine profiling can meaningfully discriminate inflammatory from non-inflammatory seizure encephalopathies in pediatric patients. Directly supports adding CSF cytokines to any repeat LP.

Provenance

  • Ingested 2026-04-16 as part of the batch literature pass supporting the Root Cause Theories, diagnostics, and treatments workspaces.
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